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Windows7的小工具不僅能美化桌面環(huán)境,而且還具備許多的特色功能,可以用它來查詢天氣、航班、信息、時間、股票......這些小工具給我們帶來美好的體驗的同時,也豐富了娛樂生活。那么,我們自己該如何開發(fā)這類美觀實用的小工具嗎?下面筆者就以一個簡易天氣預(yù)報程序的開發(fā)過程為例,與大家共享此類程序開發(fā)的方法和經(jīng)驗。

工具/原料

Windows Vista 或 Windows 7 操作系統(tǒng)

HTML、CSS、JavaScript、XML

主頁面開發(fā)

新建一個文件夾,取名為"MyWeather.Gadget",并在該文件夾下創(chuàng)建一個名稱為"WeatherReport.html"的網(wǎng)頁文件,該文件將作為主頁面被顯示,其對應(yīng)的HTML代碼如下:

*加載天氣預(yù)報控件失敗*請檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接情況*

*By feifeidown*

修改"myWeather.js"腳本文件,加入對"飛出窗體"的控件部分,完成后其代碼如下:

var times =1; //1 代表 1分鐘

var shows = 10;//1 代表顯示一天的預(yù)報信息

var ReceverString;

var GadgetTime;

function loadMian()

{

System.Gadget.visibilityChanged = checkVisibility;

System.Gadget.onDock = Dock;

System.Gadget.onUndock = unDock;

//該句的設(shè)置將使“設(shè)置”按鈕生效

System.Gadget.settingsUI = "settings.html";

System.Gadget.onSettingsClosed = settingsClosed;

System.Gadget.Flyout.file = "Flyout.html";

System.Gadget.Flyout.onHide = FOonHide;

System.Gadget.Flyout.onShow = FOonShow;

//System.Gadget.Flyout.show = true; }

function settingsClosed()

{

clearTimeout(GadgetTime);

GadgetTime=setTimeout("self.location.reload();", 100);

}

function SpecialRefresh() {

loadMian();

var updateTimeInterval = System.Gadget.Settings.read("UpdateTimes");

var showDaysForDisp = System.Gadget.Settings.read("ShowDays");

var ifv = parent.document.getElementById("myiframe");

var gc = parent.document.getElementById("gadgetContent");

if (updateTimeInterval == "") times = 10 * 1000 * 10;

else times = updateTimeInterval * 60 * 1000;

if (showDaysForDisp != "")

{

if (showDaysForDisp 7) showDaysForDisp = 7;

if (parseInt(showDaysForDisp,10) == 1) gc.style.overflow = "hidden";

else { gc.style.overflow = "auto"; }

shows = (showDaysForDisp - 1) * 102 + 120;

}

else

{

gc.style.overflow = "hidden";

shows = (shows - 1) * 102 + 120;

}

ifv.style.height = parseInt(shows, 10);

checkDockState();

GadgetTime = setTimeout("self.location.reload()", times);

}

function checkVisibility()

{

var isVisible = System.Gadget.visible;

if (!isVisible)

{

clearTimeout(GadgetTime);

}

}

function unDock() {}

function Dock() {}

function FOonHide()

{

GadgetTime = setTimeout("self.location.reload()", 2000);

}

function FOonShow()

{

if (System.Gadget.docked) {

System.Gadget.Flyout.Document.parentWindow.weather_fo.style.backgroundColor = "Red";

}

else

{

System.Gadget.Flyout.Document.parentWindow.weather_fo.style.backgroundColor = "White";

}

}

function showFlyout()

{

stopTimer();

System.Gadget.Flyout.show = true;

}

function stopTimer() {

if (GadgetTime) {

clearInterval(GadgetTime);

}

}

將"MyWeather.Gadget"文件夾拷貝到"%系統(tǒng)根目錄%Program Files/Windows Sidebar/Gadgets/"目錄下。注意:此步操作需要管理員權(quán)限。然后右擊桌面,選擇"小工具",在彈出的"百寶箱"界面中選擇"簡易天氣預(yù)報程序"小工具,并拖動到桌面的任意位置,如果一切順利的話,點擊小工具當中的"選項"按鈕,然后雙擊小工具界面下方的文本,如果一切順利,界面應(yīng)該如下圖所示。

美化窗體

創(chuàng)建名稱分別為"background1.png"、"background2.png"、"FObg1.png"和"FObg2.png"的圖片文件,并拷貝到images文件夾目錄下,其大小如圖如下,用于實現(xiàn)小工具的自定義皮膚效果。

修心"Myweather.js"腳本文件,加入對皮膚的設(shè)置控制代碼,在加入部分代碼后其最終完整代碼如下:

var times =1; //1 代表 1分鐘

var shows = 10;//1 代表顯示一天的預(yù)報信息

var ReceverString;

var GadgetTime;

function loadMian()

{

System.Gadget.visibilityChanged = checkVisibility;

System.Gadget.onDock = Dock;

System.Gadget.onUndock = unDock;

//該句的設(shè)置將使“設(shè)置”按鈕生效

System.Gadget.settingsUI = "settings.html";

System.Gadget.onSettingsClosed = settingsClosed;

System.Gadget.Flyout.file = "Flyout.html";

System.Gadget.Flyout.onHide = FOonHide;

System.Gadget.Flyout.onShow = FOonShow;

//System.Gadget.Flyout.show = true;

}

function settingsClosed()

{

clearTimeout(GadgetTime);

GadgetTime=setTimeout("self.location.reload();", 100);

}

function SpecialRefresh() {

loadMian();

var updateTimeInterval = System.Gadget.Settings.read("UpdateTimes");

var showDaysForDisp = System.Gadget.Settings.read("ShowDays");

var ifv = parent.document.getElementById("myiframe");

var gc = parent.document.getElementById("gadgetContent");

if (updateTimeInterval == "") times = 10 * 1000 * 10;

else times = updateTimeInterval * 60 * 1000;

if (showDaysForDisp != "")

{

if (showDaysForDisp 7) showDaysForDisp = 7;

if (parseInt(showDaysForDisp,10) == 1) gc.style.overflow = "hidden";

else { gc.style.overflow = "auto"; }

shows = (showDaysForDisp - 1) * 102 + 120;

}

else

{

gc.style.overflow = "hidden";

shows = (shows - 1) * 102 + 120;

}

ifv.style.height = parseInt(shows, 10);

checkDockState();

GadgetTime = setTimeout("self.location.reload()", times);

}

function checkVisibility()

{

var isVisible = System.Gadget.visible;

if (!isVisible)

{

clearTimeout(GadgetTime);

}

}

function checkDockState()

{

if (System.Gadget.docked) {Dock(); }

else {unDock(); }

}

function unDock() {

var mybground = document.getElementById("myBackground");

mybground.src = "url(images/background2.png)";

author.style.color = "gray";

}

function Dock() {

var mybground = document.getElementById("myBackground");

mybground.src = "url(images/background1.png)";

author.style.color = "red";

}

function FOonHide()

{

GadgetTime = setTimeout("self.location.reload()", 2000);

}

function FOonShow()

{

if (System.Gadget.docked) {

System.Gadget.Flyout.Document.parentWindow.weather_fo.style.backgroundColor = "Red";

}

else

{

System.Gadget.Flyout.Document.parentWindow.weather_fo.style.backgroundColor = "White";

}

}

function showFlyout()

{

stopTimer();

System.Gadget.Flyout.show = true;

}

function stopTimer() {

if (GadgetTime) {

clearInterval(GadgetTime);

}

}

function changeThema() {

if (!System.Gadget.docked) {

var pp = document.getElementById("FOauthor");

var dd = document.getElementById("weather_fo");

dd.style.backgroundImage = "url(images/FObg1.png)";

pp.style.color = "Red";

pp.style.backgroundColor = "Orange";

}

else {

var pp = document.getElementById("FOauthor");

var dd = document.getElementById("weather_fo");

dd.style.backgroundImage = "url(images/FObg2.png)";

pp.style.color = "Gray";

pp.style.backgroundColor = "White";

}

}

將"MyWeather.Gadget"文件夾拷貝到"%系統(tǒng)根目錄%Program Files/Windows Sidebar/Gadgets/"目錄下。注意:此步操作需要管理員權(quán)限。然后右擊桌面,選擇"小工具",在彈出的"百寶箱"界面中選擇"簡易天氣預(yù)報程序"小工具,并拖動到桌面的任意位置,如果一切順利的話,點擊小工具當中的"選項"按鈕,然后雙擊"尺寸"按鈕,如果一切順利,界面應(yīng)該如下圖所示。

注意事項

安裝或復(fù)制文件時需要管理員權(quán)限

設(shè)計Gadget應(yīng)遵守的原則:在有效的空間內(nèi)保持其有效性;

還有一個要注意的地方,小工具的頁面和文件必須是utf-8編碼字符集,如果是gb2312可能會出現(xiàn)亂碼